Grief is most often associated with the death of a loved one or a pet through death; however, there are several different kinds of grief that may manifest themselves over the course of the human lifespan.
Loss unrelated to death:This could be the loss of anything significant such as the loss of a relationship (broken friendship, marital separation or divorce); loss of a job, career; a traumatic injury; loss of status, or even loss of a home or other assets due to financial difficulty.
Disenfranchised grief:Occurs when someone important to you passes, or you lose something that was important to you - and you are unable to acknowledge that loss. Example: Joe Smith passes away, leaving behind his loving wife, three children, his co-workers, and his mistress. Everyone but the mistress can openly grieve, attend the wake, go to the funeral, and talk freely about what they have lost. The mistress must grieve in private, keep her pain well hidden, and continue on with a brave face because the affair must be kept secret even though Joe is gone.
Grief associated with new awareness/pending loss:This can occur when you hear of a loved one having contracted a life-threatening disease; when you are witness to the challenges of your ailing parents or close family members; or even when you receive notice that your company will be making massive layoffs, and that your job is among the many that will be cut. When we have "advance notice" for such events, that knowing can sometimes generate a sense of loss and kickstart the grieving process. Part of this process involves resolving the "could've, should've, would've" scenarios that pop into our heads: "I could have handled that situation differently if I had known..." "If only I had not said this, or said that..." It is a time for processing regrets, for coming to terms with our own mortality or expendability, and for restructuring our thinking so that it lines up with our new "reality".
Regardless of the type of grief one may be experiencing, it is common to experience this pain in stages. I have listed here for your reference The 10 Stages of Grief as adapted from “Grieving and Wellness” by Myrna Grandgenett, PhD. This material can be found on this website:
http://www.compassionatefriends.ca/images/10_stages.htm.
The stages of grieving have been described by many people. Although there is no one “right” way to grieve, ten stages can be identified. Remember, grieving is highly individualized. No two persons will grieve in the same way or for the same amount of time. The important thing to remember is that grief is a natural, necessary result of losing something or someone important.
Stage 1: SHOCK AND DENIAL. The pain is too great to be handled. Temporarily the system “overheats” and reality is blocked out. “This can’t be happening.”
Stage 2: EMOTIONS ERUPT. The shock passes and emotions overflow their usual boundaries. They are expressed in ways ranging from wrenching sobs to gentle tears. Logic and rationality give way to an overwhelming realization of the loss.
Stage 3: ANGER. After being hurt, most people feel angry. They want to retaliate, to inflict pain on others, to strike out at the person or thing causing the pain.
Stage 4: SICKNESS. Often the body acts out the pain being felt through actual physical symptoms. Nausea, headaches, diarrhea, extreme fatigue are common.
Stage 5: PANIC. After a time of sickness and emotional upset, people begin to realize that they aren’t acting like themselves anymore. They begin to worry, wondering if they have become mentally ill. They frequently ask themselves “What is happening to me?”
Stage 6: GUILT. Personal guilt feelings build up as people wonder whether they are somehow to blame for the loss. They ask themselves if they could have done something to make it different if only . . .
Stage 7: DEPRESSION AND LONELINESS. The pain of their loss often causes people to withdraw into themselves. They begin to realize that the change is permanent. As the depression deepens, friends and family find it harder to draw the person out, to talk them into participating in regular activities again.
Stage 8: RE-ENTRY TROUBLES. Once the effort is made to get back into the normal routine, the pain of loss makes it difficult to be as trusting and open as before the loss. Suspicion must be battled constantly. Friends and families are tested again and again.
Stage 9: HOPE EMERGES. Gradually, the pain subsides and the world becomes bearable again. Hope sneaks through the cracks in the walls built up as protection against hurt. Energy is regained. The process of rebuilding seems possible.
Stage 10: ACCEPTING AND AFFIRMING REALITY. The loss is accepted without bitterness. Death gives way to new life. Purpose is regained. A new, different reality is where life is to be lived.
Learning to cope with grief begins with understanding how it can occur and the stages that we may go through to emerge from it. It is much easier to navigate the stages of grief if you have a trusted support system to help you. If you are grieving the loss of a loved one, search for a bereavement support group, or access grief counselling through your EAP benefits. Talk to a friend, family member or counsellor who can assist you with making sense of the thoughts and emotions you are experiencing. You don't have to go it alone.